Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Derivation expansion of the general solubility equation (GSE).

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same author

A cluster of articles in memory of Rodolfo Pinal, Ph.D.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2025
Same author

Rilzabrutinib, a reversible covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Absorption, metabolism, excretion, and absolute bioavailability in healthy participants.

Clinical and translational science·2023
Same author

A thorough QTc study to evaluate the effects of oral rilzabrutinib administered alone and with ritonavir in healthy subjects.

Clinical and translational science·2022
Same author

Preclinical Mechanisms of Topical PRN473, a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Immune-Mediated Skin Disease Models.

ImmunoHorizons·2021
Same author

Machine learning transition temperatures from 2D structure.

Journal of molecular graphics & modelling·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

Predicting aqueous solubility: the role of crystallinity.

Katherine A Chu1, Samuel H Yalkowsky

  • 1College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. chu@pharmacy.arizona.edu

Current Drug Metabolism
|February 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Predicting drug solubility requires more than just log P. Including melting point, a factor of crystal lattice energy, significantly improves solubility predictions for organic compounds.

More Related Videos

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments
09:52

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments

Published on: February 4, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments
09:52

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments

Published on: February 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of aqueous solubility is crucial for drug development.
  • Previous models, like Box and Comer's, relied solely on log P for solubility prediction.
  • The General Solubility Equation incorporates crystal lattice energy, offering a potentially more comprehensive approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the predictive accuracy of solubility models based on log P versus those incorporating crystal lattice energy (via melting point).
  • To demonstrate the limitations of using log P alone for predicting the solubility of crystalline organic compounds.
  • To highlight the importance of considering solid-state properties in solubility estimations.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of a published dataset of 86 drug solubility values.
  • Application of the General Solubility Equation (Jain and Yalkowsky) which includes melting point.
  • Comparison of predictions from the General Solubility Equation against predictions from a log P-only model.

Main Results:

  • The General Solubility Equation, accounting for crystal lattice energy, provided more accurate solubility predictions than the log P-only model.
  • Log P alone was insufficient for accurate solubility prediction in crystalline compounds.
  • Melting point emerged as a critical parameter for improving solubility estimations.

Conclusions:

  • Crystallinity, specifically crystal lattice energy reflected by melting point, plays a vital role in determining aqueous solubility.
  • Log P is only a partial determinant of solubility; solid-state properties must be integrated for robust predictions.
  • The General Solubility Equation offers a superior method for predicting the solubility of crystalline organic compounds.