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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Impact of hypertension on stroke. Are there different age profiles?

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Impact of arterial hypertension on ocular vascular ischemia.

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Positioning for the use of multivessel clinicalultrasound in vascular risk evaluation: VASUS+protocol. 2024 Recommendations of the Vascular Risk WorkingGroup of The Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Clinical Ultrasound Working Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the Spanish Society of Hypertension-Spanish League for the Fight against Arterial Hypertension (SHE-LELHA).

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Positioning for the use of multivessel clinical ultrasound in vascular risk evaluation: VASUS+ protocol. 2024 recommendations of the Vascular Risk Group, clinical ultrasound of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine and Spanish Society of Hypertension and Vascular Risk.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Microvascular Embolism Mouse Model for In Vivo Two-photon Microscopy Using Fluorescent Polystyrene Microspheres
08:29

Microvascular Embolism Mouse Model for In Vivo Two-photon Microscopy Using Fluorescent Polystyrene Microspheres

Published on: November 21, 2025

[Cardioembolic stroke].

L Castilla-Guerra1, M C Fernández-Moreno, J Alvarez-Suero

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de la Merced, Osuna, Sevilla, Spain.

Revista Clinica Espanola
|February 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case highlights a stroke evaluation in an elderly male with uncontrolled hypertension and a history of smoking. Prompt assessment is crucial for managing acute neurological deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • A 77-year-old male presented with acute onset left arm weakness and dysarthria.
  • The patient had a history of hypertension inadequately controlled with enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide and was an active smoker.

Observation:

  • He arrived at the emergency service 90 minutes after symptom onset with a blood pressure of 182/104 mmHg.
  • Neurological examination revealed dysarthria, left homonymous hemianopsia, and left-sided limb weakness and hypoesthesia.

Findings:

  • The clinical presentation and elevated blood pressure are highly suggestive of an acute cerebrovascular event, likely an ischemic stroke.
  • Risk factors include advanced age, uncontrolled hypertension, and significant smoking history.

Implications:

  • Urgent neuroimaging is required to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment, such as thrombolysis or thrombectomy.
  • Aggressive management of blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors is essential for secondary stroke prevention.