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Related Concept Videos

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in critically...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
Renal Drug Clearance: Overview01:06

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview

Renal clearance is a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics that quantifies the rate at which the kidneys excrete a drug. It represents a constant fraction of the central volume of distribution containing the drug that the kidney eliminates per unit of time.
Renal clearance can be calculated using different methods. One approach is to divide the urinary drug excretion rate by the plasma drug concentration. This method directly measures renal clearance, indicating the kidneys' efficiency in...

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Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Rat Kidneys for Transplantation
10:42

Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Rat Kidneys for Transplantation

Published on: January 27, 2026

Allocation of initial modality for renal replacement therapy in Brazil.

Mônica Viegas Andrade1, Jaume Puig Junoy, Eli Iola Gurgel Andrade

  • 1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, sala 706, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil.

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
|February 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Patient allocation for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment in Brazil is not random. Factors like sex, diabetes, age, and region influence the choice between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).

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Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation
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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Rat Kidneys for Transplantation
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Published on: January 27, 2026

Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation
08:12

Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation

Published on: July 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Dialysis modality choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) lacks global consensus.
  • Understanding initial dialysis modality allocation is crucial for patient care and resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the initial dialysis modality for ESRD patients in Brazil.
  • To identify factors influencing patient allocation to hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using national administrative registries (2000).
  • Logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with HD vs. PD allocation.
  • Independent variables included age, sex, diabetes, region, and healthcare supply indicators.

Main Results:

  • 88% of 11,563 ESRD patients initiated hemodialysis (HD), while 12% started peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  • Male sex and absence of diabetes were associated with higher likelihood of HD initiation.
  • Younger and elderly patients had lower probabilities of starting HD; geographic region significantly influenced allocation.

Conclusions:

  • Initial dialysis modality allocation for ESRD in Brazil is not random.
  • Patient assignment to HD or PD is significantly influenced by individual patient characteristics and healthcare system supply variables.