Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II

The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, commonly referred to as the runs test, is a nonparametric test used to assess the randomness of ordered data. The test evaluates the number of runs, which are consecutive sequences of similar elements within the data. If the number of runs is significantly higher or lower than expected, the data is considered non-random, indicating a detectable pattern or structure.
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and 0s. In...
z Scores and Unusual Values01:07

z Scores and Unusual Values

The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
 This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data value...
Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test01:09

Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test

The t-test is a statistical method used to compare the sample mean with a population mean or compare two means from two data sets. The test statistic is calculated from the standard deviation, mean, and number of measurements in the data set at a selected confidence interval and then compared to a table of critical values at this confidence level. If the test statistic is smaller than the critical value, the null hypothesis is accepted. In this case, we state that the difference between the...
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I

The Wald-Wolfowitz test, also known as the runs test, is a nonparametric statistical test used to assess the randomness of a sequence of two different types of elements (e.g., positive/negative values, successes/failures). It examines whether the order of the elements in a sequence is random or if there is a pattern or trend present. This nonparametric test applies to any ordered data despite the population and sample data distribution, even if a higher sample size is available.
The test works...
Introduction to z Scores01:06

Introduction to z Scores

A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores help...
Introduction to z Scores01:05

Introduction to z Scores

A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores help...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thermal gradient effects in optical testing of large astronomical mirrors: comments.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Zernike test. 1: Analytical aspects.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Dynamic Hartmann test.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Wavefront error simulator for evaluating optical testing instrumentation.

Applied optics·2010
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Zebra II as A Novel System to Record Electrophysiological Signals in Zebrafish
06:15

Zebra II as A Novel System to Record Electrophysiological Signals in Zebrafish

Published on: August 16, 2024

Zernike test. 2: Experimental aspects.

L J Golden

    Applied Optics
    |February 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers detail the creation of Zernike disks and a test instrument for measuring optical aberrations. This Zernike test instrument achieves high sensitivity, better than lambda/100, for low-order aberrations.

    More Related Videos

    Studying Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Zebrafish Larvae
    07:06

    Studying Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Zebrafish Larvae

    Published on: February 5, 2020

    Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice
    19:32

    Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice

    Published on: March 1, 2014

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Zebra II as A Novel System to Record Electrophysiological Signals in Zebrafish
    06:15

    Zebra II as A Novel System to Record Electrophysiological Signals in Zebrafish

    Published on: August 16, 2024

    Studying Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Zebrafish Larvae
    07:06

    Studying Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Zebrafish Larvae

    Published on: February 5, 2020

    Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice
    19:32

    Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice

    Published on: March 1, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Metrology
    • Instrumentation

    Background:

    • Zernike polynomials are fundamental for describing optical aberrations.
    • Accurate measurement of low-order aberrations is crucial for optical system performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the fabrication of Zernike disks.
    • To present the design and construction of a laboratory Zernike test instrument.
    • To evaluate the aberration measurement sensitivity of the developed instrument.

    Main Methods:

    • A step-by-step manufacturing procedure for Zernike disks.
    • Design and fabrication of a custom laboratory Zernike test instrument.
    • Utilizing a laboratory wavefront error simulator for performance evaluation.

    Main Results:

    • Successful fabrication of Zernike disks.
    • Construction of a functional laboratory Zernike test instrument.
    • Demonstrated measurement sensitivity better than lambda/100 for all low-order aberrations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed Zernike test instrument is capable of high-precision aberration measurement.
    • The fabrication procedure enables the creation of essential Zernike disk components.
    • The instrument's sensitivity meets stringent requirements for optical testing.