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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...
Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container. Nichols...
What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
06:27

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

Published on: May 29, 2019

Atmospheric turbidity and the circumsolar radiation.

M A Box, S Y Lo, B H McKellar

    Applied Optics
    |February 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Determining atmospheric turbidity from circumsolar radiation requires knowing aerosol particle size. Measuring both turbidity and aureole intensity provides insights into particle size distribution.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric optics
    • Aerosol science

    Background:

    • Turbidity is a key atmospheric parameter affecting solar radiation.
    • Circumsolar radiation (CSR) and aureole intensity are influenced by atmospheric aerosols.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the relationship between atmospheric turbidity and circumsolar radiation intensity.
    • To assess the feasibility of deriving turbidity from CSR measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of circumsolar radiation intensity data.
    • Correlation with atmospheric turbidity measurements.
    • Consideration of aerosol particle size distribution models.

    Main Results:

    • A direct determination of turbidity from CSR intensity is only possible if the aerosol particle size distribution is known.

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    Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

    Published on: December 12, 2013

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
    06:27

    Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

    Published on: May 29, 2019

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

    Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
    09:55

    Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

    Published on: December 12, 2013

  • Simultaneous measurements of turbidity and aureole intensity offer valuable information about aerosol size distribution.

    • Conclusions:

    • Turbidity retrieval from CSR is conditional on prior knowledge of aerosol properties.
    • Combined CSR and turbidity measurements are effective for characterizing aerosol size distributions.