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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...

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Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
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Published on: July 2, 2012

Plasma effects in the HCN laser.

R Turner

    Applied Optics
    |February 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study measured HCN amplifier properties, finding that electron arrival at the axis causes gain and refractive effects. Magnetic fields influence output, with strong fields disrupting gain symmetry and reducing laser emission.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plasma Physics
    • Laser Science
    • Gas Discharge Physics

    Background:

    • Understanding HCN amplifier dynamics is crucial for laser applications.
    • Electron transport and refractive effects influence laser emission timing and characteristics.
    • The impact of external magnetic fields on gas discharge lasers requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure the radial gain and refractive properties of a HCN amplifier.
    • To investigate the role of electron transit time to the axis in laser emission delay.
    • To analyze the influence of radial electron density gradients and magnetic fields on amplifier performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized high current, short pulse excitation for HCN amplifier.
    • Measured radial gain and refractive properties at 337 microm.
    • Applied weak and strong magnetic fields to assess their effects on laser output.

    Main Results:

    • Observed a delay between excitation and laser emission, attributed to electron transit time.
    • Identified strong electron refractive effects linked to radial density gradients.
    • Found weak magnetic fields can enhance or modulate laser output.
    • Demonstrated that strong magnetic fields induce current instabilities, reducing gain symmetry and laser output.

    Conclusions:

    • Electron dynamics, specifically their arrival at the amplifier axis, govern the gain and emission delay.
    • Radial electron density gradients significantly impact amplifier refractive properties.
    • Magnetic field strength critically determines the stability and output of the HCN amplifier, with strong fields being detrimental.