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In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes
06:56

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes

Published on: May 23, 2017

Varifocal moiré zone plates for straightness measurement.

J M Burch, D C Williams

    Applied Optics
    |February 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Variable Fresnel zone plates are created using moiré patterns from grids. This adaptable optical device can monitor linear motion and has potential applications in spectroscopy.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Diffraction Optics
    • Moiré Pattern Applications

    Background:

    • Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are diffractive optical elements with applications in imaging and beam manipulation.
    • Traditional FZPs are static, limiting their adaptability in dynamic optical systems.
    • Moiré patterns offer a method for creating dynamic and reconfigurable optical structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a method for creating a variable-sized Fresnel zone plate using moiré patterns.
    • To explore the tunability of focusing power and pattern geometry.
    • To investigate the enhancement of diffraction efficiency using phase-reversed grids and potential applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Generating moiré patterns from pairs of identical grids with specific line shapes (cubic and linear functions).

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  • Utilizing relative grid translation to control the focusing power and pattern type (elliptical, hyperbolic).
  • Constructing phase-reversed grids to enhance irradiance in the diffraction image.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully formed variable-sized Fresnel zone plates via moiré patterns.
    • Demonstrated significant tunability of focusing power through grid translation.
    • Achieved substantial irradiance enhancement in diffraction images with phase-reversed grids.
    • Obtained elliptical and hyperbolic patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • Variable Fresnel zone plates can be dynamically created using moiré patterns from specifically shaped grids.
    • The device offers tunable focusing power and pattern geometry, with enhanced performance using phase-reversed grids.
    • Potential applications include precise linear motion monitoring and field widening in interference spectroscopy.