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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

Tenofovir-associated bone density loss.

Iwen F Grigsby1, Lan Pham, Louis M Mansky

  • 1Division of Orthodontics.

Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
|February 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiretroviral drug tenofovir correlates with bone density loss in HIV patients, especially children. This review explores mechanisms, potentially involving DNA synthesis disruption, to inform therapies for reducing bone loss.

Keywords:
PMPAdysfunctionosteoblastosteoclastrenaltenofovir

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Area of Science:

  • HIV/AIDS research
  • Pharmacology
  • Bone metabolism

Background:

  • Clinical studies show a correlation between tenofovir use and reduced bone density in HIV-infected individuals.
  • This effect is particularly pronounced in children and adolescents during critical bone growth periods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on tenofovir-associated bone loss.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms by which tenofovir may cause bone density reduction.
  • To guide the development of therapies mitigating tenofovir's adverse effects on bone.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical observations and scientific studies.
  • Analysis of potential molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  • Discussion of implications for HIV treatment and bone health.

Main Results:

  • Tenofovir, a nucleotide analog, is strongly correlated with bone density loss.
  • Bone loss appears linked to impaired cellular DNA synthesis and gene expression.
  • Adolescents and children are particularly vulnerable during active bone development.

Conclusions:

  • Tenofovir's mechanism of action may involve interference with cellular processes crucial for bone growth.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing strategies to prevent or treat tenofovir-induced bone loss.
  • Further research can lead to safer antiretroviral therapies for HIV patients.