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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

[Progress in allergy/immunology in 2009].

P Eigenmann¹, C Chizzolini

¹Unité d'allergologie adulte et enfant, Service d'immunologie et allergologie, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Revue Medicale Suisse

|February 23, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in allergy diagnosis using recombinant food allergens and promising tolerance induction for egg and milk allergies were noted in 2009. New treatments for mastocytosis and improved therapies for SLE and vasculitis were also highlighted.

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Area of Science:

Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Immunological diagnostics and therapeutics

Context:

Significant advancements in allergy diagnosis and treatment were observed in 2009.
Increased utilization of recombinant food allergens for diagnostic purposes.
Emerging therapeutic strategies for allergic diseases and autoimmune conditions.

Purpose:

To summarize key breakthroughs in allergy and clinical immunology from 2009.
To highlight progress in diagnostic tools, tolerance induction, and novel treatment modalities.
To review advancements in managing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and ANCA-related vasculitis.

Summary:

Recombinant food allergens have enhanced diagnostic accuracy in allergy.
Tolerance induction protocols show promise for managing pediatric food allergies, specifically egg and milk.
Novel treatments for mastocytosis, including anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, are under investigation.
New therapeutic strategies aim for reduced toxicity in treating SLE and ANCA-related vasculitis.
A novel response index offers improved understanding of SLE pathogenesis.

Impact:

Improved diagnostic capabilities for food allergies.
Potential for more effective and less toxic treatments for allergic and autoimmune diseases.
Enhanced understanding of SLE through new response metrics.
Future directions in allergy and immunology research are established.