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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

[Diabetes].

M Egli1, J Ruiz

  • 1Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et métabolisme, Département de médecine interne, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne. marc.egli@chuv.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New diabetes screening guidelines use glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 6.5%. Research suggests revising coronary disease screening for type 2 diabetes and highlights gestational diabetes management, while finding no cancer risk with insulin glargine.

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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
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Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

  • International organizations proposed a 2009 screening strategy for diabetes using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with a 6.5% diagnostic threshold.
  • The DIAD 2 study demonstrated the preventive efficacy of multifactorial risk control in type 2 diabetes, evidenced by a low cardiac event rate.
  • The HAPO study revealed a linear correlation between hyperglycemia and complications in gestational diabetes, identifying women at high future diabetes risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the implications of recent findings on diabetes screening and management strategies.
  • To assess the need for revising coronary heart disease screening recommendations in type 2 diabetes patients.
  • To reinforce therapeutic targets for gestational diabetes and identify at-risk populations.
  • To review the available data regarding potential cancer risks associated with insulin glargine.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of international guidelines for diabetes screening based on HbA1c levels.
  • Review of findings from the DIAD 2 study concerning risk factor control and cardiac events in type 2 diabetes.
  • Examination of data from the HAPO study on hyperglycemia, complications, and future diabetes risk in gestational diabetes.
  • Comprehensive review of existing literature and data on the association between insulin glargine and cancer risk.

Main Results:

  • The 2009 HbA1c screening strategy established a 6.5% diagnostic threshold.
  • The DIAD 2 study supports revising coronary disease screening due to effective risk factor control in type 2 diabetes.
  • The HAPO study confirms the link between hyperglycemia and complications in gestational diabetes, highlighting its role in predicting future diabetes risk.
  • Current data does not provide conclusive evidence of an increased cancer risk associated with insulin glargine.

Conclusions:

  • Current diabetes screening recommendations may require revision in light of new evidence.
  • Gestational diabetes management is crucial for both maternal health and predicting future diabetes risk.
  • Insulin glargine appears to have no conclusively proven association with increased cancer risk based on available data.