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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Combination therapy in multiple sclerosis.

Devon Conway1, Jeffrey A Cohen

  • 1Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.

The Lancet. Neurology
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Combination therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) shows uncertain benefits. While some preliminary studies suggest effectiveness, large trials indicate mixed or negative results, questioning its overall usefulness.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults, characterized by central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune damage.
  • Current MS therapies offer partial efficacy in managing inflammatory progression.
  • The complex and heterogeneous nature of MS pathogenesis suggests potential benefits from combination therapy targeting multiple disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy strategies for multiple sclerosis.
  • To assess whether combining different disease-modifying therapies or other agents enhances treatment outcomes compared to monotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preliminary studies and large, randomized, controlled trials investigating various combination regimens for MS.

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  • Analysis of combinations including interferons, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, mitoxantrone, corticosteroids, methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide.

    • Main Results:

    • Preliminary studies reported favorable outcomes for several combination regimens in MS treatment.
    • Subsequent large-scale randomized controlled trials yielded negative or conflicting results regarding the efficacy of combination therapies.

    Conclusions:

    • The overall usefulness of combination therapy for multiple sclerosis remains uncertain due to conflicting evidence from clinical trials.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the role and optimal application of combination strategies in managing MS.