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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
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Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by a...
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...

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In situ Photo-rheology Monitors Viscoelastic Changes in Photo-responsive Polymer Networks
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Initial dynamic viscoelasticity change of composites during light curing.

Min-Ho Kim1, Sun-Hong Min, Jack Ferracane

  • 1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Yeongeon-Dong, Jongro-Gu, South Korea.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study measured the initial viscoelastic modulus of dental composites during light curing. Different composites showed significant variations in their early development of viscoelasticity, impacting polymerization stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Dental composites undergo polymerization, a process involving chemical reactions that lead to material hardening.
  • Understanding the initial stages of polymerization is crucial for predicting material behavior and clinical performance.
  • Viscoelastic properties, such as the dynamic modulus, offer insights into the material's response to stress during curing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the initial dynamic viscoelastic modulus changes in dental composites during light-induced polymerization.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a custom-built oscillation rheometer for measuring these early-stage changes.

Main Methods:

  • Six commercial universal hybrid resin composites were tested using a custom-designed oscillation rheometer.
  • Dynamic oscillatory shear tests were performed at a frequency of 6Hz and strain amplitude of 0.00579rad for 10 seconds.
  • Key parameters determined included complex shear modulus (G*), storage shear modulus (G'), loss shear modulus (G''), loss tangent (tandelta), and the time to reach a G* of 10MPa.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in viscoelasticity development were observed among the tested composites.
  • The complex modulus (G*) at 10 seconds varied widely, with Z100 exhibiting the highest (563.7MPa) and DenFil the lowest (150.3MPa).
  • The time to reach a G* of 10MPa ranged from 2.55s (Z100) to 4.06s (DenFil), and the loss tangent decreased over time.

Conclusions:

  • Initial modulus development during composite curing is critical for controlling polymerization shrinkage stress.
  • The custom oscillation rheometer effectively measured early dynamic viscoelastic changes in dental composites.
  • This instrument is suitable for investigating the initial curing kinetics of novel dental composite materials.