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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...

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Reconstitution of Septin Assembly at Membranes to Study Biophysical Properties and Functions
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Published on: July 28, 2022

The membrane skeleton controls diffusion dynamics and signaling through the B cell receptor.

Bebhinn Treanor1, David Depoil, Aitor Gonzalez-Granja

  • 1Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.

Immunity
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The B cell receptor (BCR) on the cell surface is controlled by the membrane skeleton, influencing its movement and signaling. This membrane skeleton network is crucial for B cell development and survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Early B cell activation events following B cell receptor (BCR) triggering are understood.
  • The steady-state behavior of the BCR on the cell surface remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the steady-state dynamics of the BCR on the cell surface.
  • To elucidate the role of the membrane skeleton in regulating BCR mobility and signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous visualization of single BCR particles and membrane skeleton components.
  • Utilizing B cells deficient in key signaling molecules.

Main Results:

  • An ezrin- and actin-defined network restricts steady-state BCR diffusion by creating boundaries.
  • The intracellular domain of Igbeta is critical for mediating this diffusion restriction.
  • Altering the membrane skeleton network induced robust intracellular signaling and increased BCR mobility.
  • Signaling was likely initiated by the BCR in B cells deficient in key signaling molecules.

Conclusions:

  • The membrane skeleton plays a critical role in controlling BCR dynamics and signaling.
  • This control mechanism is potentially important for understanding tonic signaling in B cell development and survival.