Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cross-Institutional Validation of a novel LLM-Based Cardiac Event Extraction framework from Electronic Health Records.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same author

A Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Model to Guide Use of Whole-Pelvic Radiation Therapy in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of RTOG 9413.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Modern Molecular Profiling Recontextualizes the NRG/RTOG 0539 Trial and Reveals Hidden High-Risk and Radiotherapy Resistant Meningiomas.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

A Mitochondrial Plasma Proteomic Signature Identifies Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Cancers·2026
Same author

A Prospective Validation of the Decipher Genomic Classifier in Men With Early Localized Prostate Cancer: The VANDAAM Study.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026
Same author

Patient Advocate-Trainee Engagement in Oncology Education: Insights from a Short Pilot Survey.

Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education·2026
Same journal

Single Percussive Ventilation Breath-hold Imaging and Delivery in Lung Tumor Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy: Initial Observations From a Prospective Clinical Trial.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

Proton beam therapy in nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: Outcome, prognostic factors and the effect of timing of radiation therapy.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

Hypofractionated Proton Reirradiation for Recurrent Glioblastoma: Clinical and Dosimetric Outcomes from a Large Single Institution Series.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

Gastrointestinal Motility-Induced Interplay in Pancreas Proton Therapy: Motion Simulation and Dosimetric Impact.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

Intra-fractional Voxel-wise Anatomical Motion Tracking Guided by Multimodal Respiratory Surrogates in Radiotherapy: Framework Development and Multi-Center Validation.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same journal

A Gaussian-based planning approach for robust dose-escalated stereotactic body proton therapy.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Radiation dose-volume effects in the brain.

Yaacov Richard Lawrence1, X Allen Li, Issam el Naqa

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. richard.lawrence@jefferson.edu

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiotherapy (RT) can cause brain injury, with radiation necrosis appearing 1-2 years post-treatment. Cognitive decline develops over many years and depends on RT dose, volume, and patient factors.

More Related Videos

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments
06:08

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Published on: May 26, 2019

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform
07:57

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform

Published on: March 24, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments
06:08

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Published on: May 26, 2019

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform
07:57

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform

Published on: March 24, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Radiotherapy (RT) is a critical cancer treatment, but it can lead to significant brain injury.
  • Understanding the risks of RT-induced brain injury, including radiation necrosis and cognitive decline, is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize published data on the incidence, severity, and risk factors associated with RT-induced brain injury.
  • To provide insights into the dose-response relationships and predictive factors for radiation necrosis and cognitive dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published data on radiotherapy-induced brain injury.
  • Analysis of dose and volume parameters, fractionation schedules, and patient-specific factors influencing toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Radiation necrosis typically occurs 1-2 years post-RT, while cognitive decline manifests over many years.
  • Incidence and severity of RT-induced brain injury are dose and volume-dependent, influenced by chemotherapy, age, and diabetes.
  • Specific dose thresholds for fractionated RT and radiosurgery are identified, with significant toxicity increases noted above certain biologically effective doses.

Conclusions:

  • RT-induced brain injury is a complex issue influenced by numerous factors, necessitating careful treatment planning.
  • While radiation necrosis has a predictable timeline, cognitive decline is a long-term concern, particularly in children.
  • Further research is needed to refine toxicity-risk predictions and mitigate long-term neurological effects of RT.