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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...

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Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy
08:17

Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy

Published on: June 7, 2015

Radiation dose-volume effects in the lung.

Lawrence B Marks1, Soren M Bentzen, Joseph O Deasy

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. marks@med.unc.edu

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung dose-volume and fractionation significantly impact radiation pneumonitis risk. No clear tolerance dose-volume thresholds exist, highlighting complex relationships in radiation therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation oncology
  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Medical physics

Background:

  • Radiation therapy for thoracic malignancies requires careful dose management to minimize lung toxicity.
  • Symptomatic pneumonitis is a common dose-limiting side effect.
  • Understanding dose-volume-outcome relationships is crucial for treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review three-dimensional dose, volume, and outcome data for lung toxicity.
  • To identify relationships between dosimetric parameters and symptomatic pneumonitis.
  • To investigate potential threshold levels for lung tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed review of existing three-dimensional dose, volume, and outcome data for lung.
  • Analysis of dosimetric parameters in relation to symptomatic pneumonitis rates.
  • Exploration of dose-volume histograms and fractionation schedules.

Main Results:

  • Symptomatic pneumonitis rates are associated with multiple dosimetric parameters.
  • No definitive threshold "tolerance dose-volume" levels were identified.
  • Significant volume and fractionation effects on pneumonitis risk were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Lung radiation toxicity is complex and influenced by various factors.
  • Treatment planning should consider both dose and volume, along with fractionation.
  • Further research may be needed to refine predictive models for lung toxicity.