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Exercise, body composition, and functional ability: a randomized controlled trial
Wolfgang Kemmler1, Simon von Stengel, Klaus Engelke
1Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen, Henkestrasse 91, Erlangen, Germany. wolfgang.kemmler@imp.uni-erlangen.de
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|February 23, 2010
Summary
A multipurpose exercise program significantly improved body composition and functional ability in elderly women. This intervention increased muscle mass and reduced body fat, enhancing overall health and independence.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Aging in women is linked to increased body fat, reduced lean mass, and functional decline, impacting independence.
- Sarcopenia and adiposity in the elderly are associated with higher mortality and reduced functional capacity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of a multipurpose exercise program on body composition and functional ability in community-dwelling elderly women.
Main Methods:
- An 18-month single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) involved 246 independent elderly women (mean age 69.1 years).
- Participants engaged in a high-intensity multipurpose exercise program (n=123) or an active control focusing on well-being (n=123).
- Body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric tests), and aerobic fitness (treadmill test) were assessed.
Main Results:
- The exercise group showed significant increases in appendicular skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass.
- Significant reductions in abdominal and total body fat were observed in the exercise group.
- Enhanced functional outcomes included improved isometric strength, leg press power, timed up-and-go performance, and aerobic fitness.
Conclusions:
- A high-intensity multipurpose exercise program effectively improved body composition in elderly women.
- The program also led to significant enhancements in functional ability, supporting independent living.
