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Related Concept Videos

Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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Unexplained or Refractory Chronic Cough in Adults.

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The McMaster Cough Severity Questionnaire (MCSQ): a cough severity instrument for patients with refractory chronic cough.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections
06:22

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections

Published on: September 19, 2025

Cough: a worldwide problem.

J Mark Madison1, Richard S Irwin

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. Mark.madison@umassmed.edu

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cough diagnosis involves classifying duration: acute (viral infections), subacute (post-infectious, including Bordetella pertussis), or chronic. Chronic cough in non-smokers with clear chest X-rays often stems from upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, or GERD.

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Establishment of a Mouse Model with Cough Hypersensitivity via Inhalation of Citric Acid
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Establishment of a Mouse Model with Cough Hypersensitivity via Inhalation of Citric Acid
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Published on: January 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Cough is a prevalent respiratory symptom presenting diagnostic challenges.
  • Effective management requires a systematic approach to cough evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline an organized diagnostic strategy for cough based on its duration.
  • To identify common causes of acute, subacute, and chronic cough.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of cough by duration: acute (<3 weeks), subacute (3-8 weeks), and chronic (>8 weeks).
  • Differential diagnosis consideration for each cough category.
  • Identification of key etiological factors in non-smokers with normal chest radiographs.

Main Results:

  • Acute cough is typically viral (common cold).
  • Subacute cough often follows infection, with Bordetella pertussis as a consideration.
  • Chronic cough in specific patient groups commonly results from upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis, or gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Conclusions:

  • Duration is a critical factor in cough diagnosis.
  • A structured approach aids in identifying the underlying cause of cough.
  • Common causes of chronic cough in non-smokers include UACS, asthma, NAEB, and GERD.