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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
04:33

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

Reflux and cough.

Albert L Merati1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Washington School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. amerati@uw.edu

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common cause of chronic cough, impacting the upper aerodigestive tract. Effective management involves lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes surgery, with varying success rates for different symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Reflux significantly contributes to chronic cough and other upper aerodigestive tract issues.
  • Reflux-induced cough results from direct irritation and heightened sensitivity to irritants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of reflux-associated cough.
  • To highlight the role of clinical evaluation and supplemental testing in diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation, including laryngoscopy.
  • Supplemental testing such as impedance monitoring for refluxate analysis.
  • Review of treatment strategies including lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and surgery.

Main Results:

  • Proton-pump inhibitors are effective for acid reflux; prokinetics are crucial for nonacid or mixed reflux.
  • Compliance issues can impede treatment success.
  • Antireflux surgery offers long-term benefits in select patients, though symptom relief varies.

Conclusions:

  • Reflux-associated cough requires thorough evaluation and tailored treatment.
  • A combination of therapies may be necessary for optimal outcomes.
  • Patient selection is key for surgical intervention success.