Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Risk factors for breakthrough infection in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux

Koji Shiraishi1, Kaoru Yoshino, Masato Watanabe

  • 1Department of Urology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan.

The Journal of Urology
|February 23, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Children with primary vesicoureteral reflux and abnormal renal scans face a higher risk of breakthrough infections. Early identification of these risk factors is crucial for preventing potential kidney damage.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Medical management is often preferred for pediatric vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) despite surgical options.
  • Breakthrough infections in VUR patients are a key indicator for surgical intervention.
  • Predictive data for breakthrough infections in primary VUR are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for breakthrough infections in children with primary VUR.
  • To inform clinical management strategies for primary VUR.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for 210 children (72 girls, 138 boys) with primary VUR.
  • Analysis of factors including reflux grade and renal scan abnormalities.
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses to determine risk factors for breakthrough infection.

Main Results:

  • Breakthrough infection occurred in 28% of patients.
  • Higher reflux grade and abnormal renal scans (99mTc-DMSA) were associated with breakthrough infection.
  • Abnormal renal scan was an independent risk factor (OR 11.08, p <0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal renal scan is a significant independent risk factor for breakthrough infection in pediatric VUR.
  • Patients with abnormal renal scans require heightened awareness and monitoring for breakthrough infections.
  • Prompt management is essential to prevent potential renal damage associated with breakthrough infections.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...