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Related Concept Videos

Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

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Bisphenol A disrupts granulosa cell function.

F Grasselli1, L Baratta, L Baioni

  • 1Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Biotecnologie Veterinarie, Qualità e Sicurezza degli Alimenti, Italy.

Domestic Animal Endocrinology
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bisphenol A (BPA) disrupts ovarian granulosa cell functions, altering steroid production and promoting angiogenesis. This endocrine disruptor affects reproductive health by impacting key cellular processes in pigs.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used endocrine-disrupting compound with potential adverse biological effects.
  • Ovarian granulosa cells are a known target of BPA, but its functional impact remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the disruptive effects of BPA on porcine ovarian granulosa cell functions.
  • To assess BPA's interference with the ovarian angiogenic process.

Main Methods:

  • Porcine granulosa cells were cultured with varying BPA concentrations.
  • Assessed cell proliferation (ATP), steroidogenesis (P4, E2), VEGF production, and redox status.

Main Results:

  • BPA did not affect granulosa cell proliferation or redox status.
  • Estradiol (E2) levels were stimulated at low BPA doses and inhibited at high doses.
  • Progesterone (P4) production decreased, while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased with BPA exposure.

Conclusions:

  • BPA interferes with granulosa cell steroidogenesis in vitro, impacting reproductive activity.
  • BPA promotes ovarian angiogenesis by increasing VEGF output in pigs.
  • Disruption of these processes poses a risk for uncontrolled neovascularization.