Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
An application of multidimensional time-frequency analysis as a base for the unified watermarking approach
Srdjan Stankovic1, Irena Orovic, Nikola Zaric
1Electrical Engineering Department, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro. srdjan@ac.me
Abstract:
A watermarking approach based on multidimensional time-frequency analysis is proposed. It represents a unified concept that can be used for different types of data such as audio, speech signals, images or video. Time-frequency analysis is employed for speech signals, while space/spatial-frequency analysis is used for images. Their combination is applied for video signals. Particularly, we focus on the 2-D case: space/spatial-frequency based image watermarking procedure that will be subsequently extended to video signal. A method that selects coefficients for watermarking by estimating the local frequency content is proposed. In order to provide watermark imperceptibility, the nonstationary filtering is used to model the watermark which corresponds to the host signal components. Furthermore, the watermark detection within the multidimensional time-frequency domain is proposed. The efficiency and robustness of the procedure in the presence of various attacks is proven experimentally.
Related Concept Videos
Properties of DTFT I
The linearity property of DTFTs is fundamental. If two discrete-time signals are multiplied by constants a and b respectively, and then combined to...
Properties of Fourier Transform I
In radio broadcasting, multiple audio signals often need to be transmitted simultaneously. The Fourier...
Relation of DFT to z-Transform
To understand how the DFT works, it's helpful to consider the z-transform, which is a method for representing discrete sequences in the complex frequency domain. The z-transform involves summing the terms of...
Discrete Fourier Transform
Properties of Fourier Transform II
The Frequency Shifting property of Fourier Transforms highlights that a shift in the frequency domain corresponds to a phase shift in the time domain. Mathematically, if x(t) has...
Discrete-time Fourier transform
One of the notable...
