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Related Concept Videos

Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
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Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Implementation intention encoding does not automatize prospective memory responding.

Mark A McDaniel1, Michael K Scullin

  • 1Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA. mmcdanie@artsci.wustl.edu

Memory & Cognition
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implementation intentions improve prospective memory by linking cues to actions. However, they do not prevent memory decline in demanding situations and may even hinder performance compared to practice.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Implementation intentions, which link specific situational cues to intended actions, are known to enhance prospective memory.
  • A proposed mechanism suggests that these intentions automate prospective remembering, potentially preventing memory decline in demanding cognitive tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether implementation intentions can prevent prospective memory decline in cognitively demanding situations.
  • To examine the effectiveness of implementation intentions compared to behavioral practice under high cognitive load.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted to assess prospective memory performance.
  • Participants utilized implementation intention encoding, and in one experiment, this was compared to behavioral practice under varying cognitive demands.

Main Results:

  • Implementation intention encoding enhanced prospective memory in Experiments 1 and 2.
  • However, it did not prevent significant prospective memory decline in high-cognitive-demand conditions across all experiments.
  • In Experiment 3, implementation intention encoding resulted in lower prospective memory performance than behavioral practice in a high-demand situation.

Conclusions:

  • While implementation intentions may strengthen the association between cues and actions, this encoding does not lead to a fully automated prospective memory response.
  • The findings challenge the notion that implementation intentions fully buffer against prospective memory deficits in cognitively demanding contexts.