Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Retrieval

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...

Elaborative Rehearsals

Elaborative Rehearsals

Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...

Understanding Memory

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...

Interference and Decay

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

Impact of Schemas

Impact of Schemas

Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Research on "the testing effect" routinely conflates direct and forward testing effects: A meta-analysis of testing effects with free recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026

Same author

Why does experimental design moderate the effect of judgment of learning (JOL) reactivity?

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026

Same author

Putting Emotional Memories in Context: The Constructionist Model of Emotional Memory.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2026

Same author

Face-name associative memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: Region-specific insights in right-hemisphere onset.

Epilepsy research·2026

Same author

Exploring the impact of elaborative rehearsal on mind wandering.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026

Same author

Four (and a Half) Preregistered Failures to Replicate the Weapon Focus Effect in Online Samples.

Psychology, public policy, and law : an official law review of the University of Arizona College of Law and the University of Miami School of Law·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Enactment and retrieval.

Daniel J Peterson¹, Neil W Mulligan

¹University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3270, USA.

Memory & Cognition

|February 23, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The enactment effect, where acting out phrases improves memory, is likely due to how information is first learned (encoding), not recalled later (retrieval). This study found no support for retrieval processes enhancing enactment memory.

More Related Videos

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Human Memory

Background:

The enactment effect enhances memory for actions.
Theoretical frameworks often focus on encoding processes.
Recent research questions if retrieval processes explain the enactment effect.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of retrieval processes in the enactment effect.
To test whether memory enhancement from enactment is retrieval-dependent.

Main Methods:

Four experiments were conducted.
Participants studied lists of phrases.
Recall conditions manipulated retrieval sets (pure vs. combined).

Main Results:

The enactment effect did not differ between pure and combined recall conditions.
Combined recall failed to enhance the enactment effect size.
Results did not support a retrieval-based account.

Conclusions:

The findings are inconsistent with retrieval-based explanations for the enactment effect.
The results support encoding-based accounts of memory enhancement for enacted items.