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Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

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A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or revolutions, where one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Fixation of the axis.

Daniel S Yanni¹, Noel I Perin

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York 10019, USA.

|February 23, 2010

Summary

This review compares axis vertebral fixation techniques, highlighting that the best method depends on patient anatomy and injury type. Advanced techniques and imaging improve safety and effectiveness in treating axis fractures.

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Neurosurgery
Spinal Biomechanics

Background:

The axis (C2 vertebra) is crucial for head rotation.
Unique anatomy and biomechanics of the axis segment present fixation challenges.
Ligamentous attachments influence stability and surgical approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare fixation techniques for the axis vertebral segment.
To examine the anatomy, ligamentous attachments, and biomechanics of the axis.
To inform surgical decision-making for C1-C2 fractures.

Main Methods:

Review of wire, cable, screw, and plate fixation techniques.
Discussion of halo vest and cervical collar use post-operatively.
Analysis of anatomical considerations and biomechanical principles.

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Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents

Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents

Published on: January 12, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents

Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents

Published on: January 12, 2016

Main Results:

Various fixation methods are effective for axis fractures.
Optimal technique selection is guided by local anatomy (e.g., vertebral artery anomalies) and fracture patterns.
Posterior element integrity or need for removal influences fixation choice.

Conclusions:

Modern fixation techniques and instrumentation for the axis are advancing.
Advanced imaging facilitates precise, aggressive instrumentation while minimizing adjacent structure injury.
Biomechanical research has significantly impacted the development and adoption of fixation methods.