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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
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Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Light propagation in three-dimensional photonic crystals.

Shoichi Kawashima1, Kenji Ishizaki, Susumu Noda

  • 1Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.

Optics Express
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrated novel waveguides in 3D photonic crystals (PCs) for near-infrared light. These structures enable polarization-independent light transmission and L-shaped light guiding, paving the way for complex optical interconnections.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Fabrication of 1-D Photonic Crystal Cavity on a Nanofiber Using Femtosecond Laser-induced Ablation
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Fabrication of 1-D Photonic Crystal Cavity on a Nanofiber Using Femtosecond Laser-induced Ablation

Published on: February 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Photonic crystals (PCs) offer unique light manipulation properties.
  • Waveguides are crucial components for integrated optical circuits.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) PCs provide enhanced control over light propagation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the operational principles of waveguides within 3D photonic crystals.
  • To investigate the light guiding capabilities of vertically stacked and L-shaped waveguide structures.
  • To explore the potential for creating complex 3D optical interconnections.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 3D photonic crystals with engineered defect structures.
  • Creation of vertical waveguides by stacking acceptor-type defects.
  • Formation of L-shaped waveguides by connecting horizontal and vertical elements.
  • Experimental observation of near-infrared light propagation through the fabricated waveguides.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a functional vertical waveguide in a 3D PC for near-infrared light.
  • Observed polarization-independent light transmission in the vertical waveguide due to coupling to a degenerate mode.
  • Successfully created and operated an L-shaped waveguide guiding light between horizontal and vertical paths.
  • Confirmed the ability of the 3D PC waveguide to direct light in complex paths.

Conclusions:

  • Vertical waveguides in 3D PCs can guide near-infrared light independent of polarization.
  • L-shaped waveguides enable directional light coupling within 3D photonic crystal structures.
  • Optimized 3D PC waveguides hold promise for advanced optical interconnections and integrated photonic devices.