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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

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Femtosecond powder diffraction with a laser-driven hard X-ray source.

F Zamponi1, Z Ansari, M Woerner

  • 1Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Str. 2A, Berlin, Germany. zamponi@mbi-berlin.de

Optics Express
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed femtosecond X-ray powder diffraction to study ultrafast structural dynamics in materials. This new method captures rapid changes in polycrystalline matter with high time resolution, enabling detailed analysis of material behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding ultrafast structural dynamics is crucial for materials science.
  • Existing methods often lack the required time resolution to capture rapid changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel X-ray powder diffraction technique with femtosecond time resolution.
  • To enable the mapping of ultrafast structural dynamics in polycrystalline condensed matter.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a pump-probe approach with optical and hard X-ray pulses.
  • Employing a laser-driven plasma source for X-ray generation.
  • Analyzing detection sensitivity and angular resolution for optimization.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneously recorded up to 20 powder diffraction rings for ammonium sulfate.
  • Achieved a time resolution of 100 femtoseconds (fs).
  • Demonstrated quantitative derivation of transient charge density maps.

Conclusions:

  • Femtosecond X-ray powder diffraction is a powerful tool for ultrafast structural analysis.
  • The technique provides unprecedented insight into dynamic processes in condensed matter.
  • This method opens new avenues for studying transient material properties.