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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with varying...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization01:04

IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization

Electron delocalization refers to the distribution of electrons across multiple atoms within a molecule rather than being confined to a single atom or bond. This phenomenon is common in systems with conjugated bonds—structures where alternating single and double bonds allow π-electrons to move freely across the network. The movement of electrons stabilizes the molecule and can affect various chemical properties, including vibrational frequencies observed in IR spectroscopy.
In IR spectroscopy,...

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Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
07:38

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared

Published on: January 10, 2025

Residual absorption in infrared materials.

M Hass, B Bendow

    Applied Optics
    |February 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This review examines residual absorption in infrared (IR) materials, distinguishing between intrinsic multiphonon absorption and extrinsic effects like impurities and defects. Understanding these factors is key for optimizing IR material performance.

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    Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
    10:31

    Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

    Published on: May 8, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid-State Physics
    • Optical Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Infrared (IR) materials exhibit residual absorption within their transparent regions (2-10 micrometers).
    • This absorption impacts material performance and limits applications.
    • Recent advancements necessitate a review of absorption sources.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and synthesize recent developments in understanding residual absorption in IR transparent materials.
    • To differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic absorption mechanisms.
    • To highlight areas where the origin of absorption remains unclear.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review focusing on recent research in IR spectroscopy and materials science.
    • Analysis of absorption coefficients in insulating crystals (ionic and covalent).
    • Comparison of theoretical models with experimental data.

    Main Results:

    • Intrinsic multiphonon absorption is well-understood for both ionic and covalent crystals, with predictable frequency and temperature dependence.
    • Extrinsic absorption, caused by impurities, defects, and surfaces, is more complex and varied.
    • The precise origin of extrinsic residual absorption in some high-quality ionic crystals remains unidentified, potentially limited by measurement techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • Both intrinsic multiphonon and extrinsic absorption mechanisms significantly affect IR material transparency.
    • While intrinsic absorption is largely characterized, extrinsic absorption requires further investigation, particularly in high-purity materials.
    • Future research should focus on elucidating the origins of unknown extrinsic absorption sources to improve IR material quality and application potential.