Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Published on: August 30, 2020
An early image of hemifacial spasm: Edouard Brissaud contribution
Carlo Colosimo1, Alfredo Berardelli
1Department of Neurological Sciences and Neuromed Institute, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. carlo.colosimo@uniroma1.it
Abstract:
Edouard Brissaud (1852-1909) was a French neuropsychiatrist of the Charcot school who provided in 1893 the first picture of a patient suffering from hemifacial spasm. Brissaud already suggested several possible etiologies for the involuntary movements of his patient, including the possibility of arterial malformations compressing the origin of the facial nerve. We also discuss the role of other early European authors (Schültze, Gowers, Babinski, and Negro) who contributed to the definition of hemifacial spasm in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Related Concept Videos
Vascular Spasm
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction
Sutures of the Skull
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Arteries of the Head and Neck
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
Veins of Head and Neck
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
