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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
13:00

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Published on: July 31, 2021

Immunization in pregnancy.

Andrée Gruslin, Marc Steben, Scott Halperin

    Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal D'Obstetrique Et Gynecologie Du Canada : JOGC
    |February 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pregnant women can safely receive inactivated vaccines and should be offered influenza vaccines, including H1N1. Live vaccines are generally not recommended during pregnancy due to theoretical fetal risks.

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    Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
    07:51

    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

    Published on: May 21, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Preventive Medicine

    Background:

    • Immunization during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health.
    • Assessing the safety and efficacy of vaccines in pregnant individuals is essential.
    • Guidelines are needed to standardize immunization practices for pregnant women.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review existing evidence on immunization in pregnancy.
    • To provide evidence-based recommendations for vaccine administration in pregnant and breastfeeding women.
    • To ensure appropriate disease prevention and minimize risks.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature search of Medline and Cochrane databases up to June 2008.
    • Evidence evaluation by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) Infectious Diseases Committee.
    • Recommendations formulated according to Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care guidelines.

    Main Results:

    • Inactivated vaccines, bacterial vaccines, and toxoids are safe for pregnant women.
    • Live/live-attenuated vaccines are generally not recommended due to theoretical fetal risks.
    • Pregnant women should be offered influenza and H1N1 vaccines during the influenza season.

    Conclusions:

    • Adherence to recommendations improves immunization practices and disease prevention in pregnant and breastfeeding women.
    • Inadvertent administration of live vaccines in pregnancy does not warrant pregnancy termination.
    • Breastfeeding women can safely receive immunizations.
    • Prompt treatment with oseltamivir is recommended for pregnant women with H1N1 infection.