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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography
05:28

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

Compositional breast imaging using a dual-energy mammography protocol.

Aurelie D Laidevant1, Serghei Malkov, Chris I Flowers

  • 1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.

Medical Physics
|February 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Full-field digital compositional mammography (FFDCM) offers improved breast cancer detection by independently imaging water, lipid, and protein. This novel dual-energy approach enhances sensitivity and specificity in dense breasts.

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Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
15:48

Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: December 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Mammography sensitivity is limited in dense breasts due to overlapping water density of adipose and fibroglandular tissues.
  • Malignant tumors primarily originate in fibroglandular tissue, which has a significant protein component.
  • Isolating tissue components could improve diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel dual-energy mammography technique: full-field digital compositional mammography (FFDCM).
  • To demonstrate FFDCM's ability to independently image water, lipid, and protein in breast tissue.
  • To assess the potential of FFDCM to improve mammography sensitivity and specificity.

Main Methods:

  • FFDCM utilizes dual-energy attenuation and breast shape measures to calculate compositional thicknesses.
  • Breast-mimicking phantoms with known compositions were imaged using a full-field digital mammography unit.
  • A least-squares fitting approach was employed for compositional calibration based on 26 phantom variations.

Main Results:

  • High accuracy was achieved in determining water, lipid, and protein thicknesses, with root mean square errors below 0.012 cm.
  • Excellent repeatability was observed for water (0.5%) and lipid (0.5%) measurements, with protein at 3.3%.
  • Preliminary compositional images of water, lipid, and protein were successfully generated.

Conclusions:

  • FFDCM demonstrates good compositional thickness accuracy in phantom studies.
  • Preliminary clinical images confirm the feasibility of FFDCM for creating individual diagnostic compositional images.
  • This technique holds promise for enhancing breast cancer diagnosis.