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Related Concept Videos

Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Protocol for Production of a Genetic Cross of the Rodent Malaria Parasites
13:39

Protocol for Production of a Genetic Cross of the Rodent Malaria Parasites

Published on: January 3, 2011

Defining species specific genome differences in malaria parasites.

Kingsley J L Liew1, Guangan Hu, Zbynek Bozdech

  • 1Division of Genomics and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.

BMC Genomics
|February 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Comparative genome analysis of rodent malaria parasites (Plasmodium species) improved gene identification. This study identified unique genes in rodent and primate malaria parasites, aiding host specificity research.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Protocol for Production of a Genetic Cross of the Rodent Malaria Parasites
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Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages
08:23

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Published on: May 30, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Parasitology
  • Comparative Biology

Background:

  • Genome sequences for Plasmodium species have advanced understanding of parasite biology.
  • Limited knowledge exists on species-specific genomic differences, especially in rodent malaria parasites due to poor genome annotation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance genome annotation and gene identification for Plasmodium berghei, P. chabaudi, and P. yoelii.
  • To perform genome-wide comparisons between these three rodent malaria parasite species.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genome hybridizations using a pan-rodent array.
  • In-depth bioinformatics analysis for genome-wide comparisons.
  • Orthologous gene detection between rodent parasite species.

Main Results:

  • Improved genome coverage for draft rodent parasite genomes.
  • Over 1,000 P. yoelii orthologs newly associated with P. falciparum genes.
  • Identification of genes unique to primate malaria parasites and genes conserved in rodent malaria parasites.

Conclusions:

  • Facilitates deeper investigation into genes crucial for malaria host specificity.
  • Provides a refined core gene set for all Plasmodium species.