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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
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Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
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It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
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Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
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Rhinitis and sinusitis.

Mark S Dykewicz1, Daniel L Hamilos

  • 1Allergy and Immunology Unit, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. dykewicz@wfubmc.edu

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhinitis and sinusitis are common conditions impacting millions, decreasing quality of life and increasing healthcare costs. Effective management strategies exist for allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, and various forms of sinusitis, including chronic rhinosinusitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rhinitis and sinusitis are highly prevalent conditions, often co-occurring and affecting a significant portion of the population.
  • These conditions substantially reduce quality of life, exacerbate other health issues, and incur considerable direct and indirect economic costs.
  • Annual incidence in the US includes 30-60 million for allergic rhinitis and 31 million for sinusitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of rhinitis and sinusitis, encompassing their epidemiology, impact, and management.
  • To differentiate between viral and bacterial causes of acute rhinosinusitis and discuss treatment approaches.
  • To explore the classification and treatment modalities for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature on rhinitis and sinusitis.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies for different types of rhinitis and sinusitis.

Main Results:

  • Allergic rhinitis affects 10-25% of Western populations, with management involving avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy.
  • Acute rhinosinusitis is typically viral, while bacterial sinusitis is considered beyond 7-10 days, primarily managed with antibiotics.
  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is categorized into CRS without nasal polyps, CRS with nasal polyps, and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, requiring diverse medical and surgical interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Rhinitis and sinusitis are common, impactful conditions requiring tailored management strategies.
  • Distinguishing viral from bacterial acute rhinosinusitis is crucial for appropriate antibiotic use.
  • Effective management of chronic rhinosinusitis depends on its specific subtype and may involve multidisciplinary approaches.