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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Immunologic rheumatic disorders.

Amy Joseph1, Richard Brasington, Leslie Kahl

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide covers diagnosing rheumatic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Advances in RA treatment, including biologic therapies, offer hope for similar breakthroughs in other autoimmune conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Rheumatic inflammatory diseases present diagnostic challenges for clinicians.
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are key conditions requiring recognition.
  • Advances in understanding pathogenesis are driving new therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To equip clinicians with essential knowledge for diagnosing classic rheumatic inflammatory diseases.
  • To highlight clinical recognition and initial laboratory testing protocols.
  • To review recent therapeutic advancements, particularly in RA.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for RA, SLE, and related disorders.
  • Review of first-line laboratory investigations.
  • Discussion of current and emerging treatment modalities, including biologics.

Main Results:

  • RA and seronegative spondyloarthropathy treatments have significantly improved with methotrexate and biologic agents.
  • Biologic therapies like TNF inhibitors, T-cell costimulation modulators, and B-cell depletion have revolutionized RA management.
  • The "elimination of synovitis equals elimination of joint destruction" mantra guides RA treatment towards remission.

Conclusions:

  • RA serves as a model for developing targeted therapies by identifying key pathogenic mediators.
  • Blocking major mediators in SLE and Sjögren syndrome holds promise for future treatment advancements.
  • Identifying and blocking disease mediators is crucial for developing novel, effective treatments for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.