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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Analyzing Tumor Gene Expression Factors with the CorExplorer Web Portal
08:00

Analyzing Tumor Gene Expression Factors with the CorExplorer Web Portal

Published on: October 11, 2019

Viewing cancer genes from co-evolving gene modules.

Jing Zhu1, Hui Xiao, Xiaopei Shen

  • 1Bioinformatics Centre and Key Laboratory for NeuroInfomation of the Education Ministry of China, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|February 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary analysis reveals that conserved cancer genes often form modules of co-evolving proteins. These modules, enriched with housekeeping genes, offer new insights into cancer mechanisms and evolution.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Understanding cancer gene evolution aids in deciphering the genetic basis of human cancers.
  • Functionally related proteins often interact in modules, influencing their evolutionary patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize co-evolving modules within the human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.
  • To investigate the evolutionary conservation patterns of cancer genes within these modules.

Main Methods:

  • Searched the human PPI network for subnetworks with proteins evolving at similar rates since the human-mouse divergence.
  • Defined co-evolving modules as subnetworks with significantly large sizes at specific co-evolutionary levels.

Main Results:

  • Proteins within modules are generally conserved, evolutionarily old, and enriched with housekeeping genes.
  • Proteins outside modules are less conserved, evolutionarily younger, and associated with tissue-specific gene expression.
  • Cancer genes within conserved modules contribute significantly to the overall conservation of cancer genes.

Conclusions:

  • Co-evolving modules represent functionally related protein groups with distinct evolutionary trajectories.
  • Cancer proteins within and outside modules may play different roles in carcinogenesis, offering novel research directions.