Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Epoxy-oxylipins direct monocyte fate in inflammatory resolution in humans.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Anti-growth and pro-apoptotic effects of dasatinib on human oral cancer cells through multi-targeted mechanisms.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine·2021
Same author

Genome to phenome tools: In vivo and in vitro transfection of Crassostrea virginica hemocytes.

Fish & shellfish immunology·2020
Same author

Vascular Lipidomic Profiling of Potential Endogenous Fatty Acid PPAR Ligands Reveals the Coronary Artery as Major Producer of CYP450-Derived Epoxy Fatty Acids.

Cells·2020
Same author

Anti‑survival and pro‑apoptotic effects of meridianin C derivatives on MV4‑11 human acute myeloid leukemia cells.

International journal of oncology·2019
Same author

Lipid mediators in immune regulation and resolution.

British journal of pharmacology·2019
Same journal

Reporting disease control rates or clinical benefit rates in early clinical trials of anticancer agents: useful endpoint or hype?

Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000)·2011
Same journal

Abating progressive tissue injury and preserving function after CNS trauma: The role of inflammation modulatory therapies.

Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000)·2010
Same journal

Teriflunomide, an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase for the potential oral treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000)·2010
Same journal

Tralokinumab, an anti-IL-13 mAb for the potential treatment of asthma and COPD.

Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000)·2010
Same journal

Vedolizumab, a humanized mAb against the α4β7 integrin for the potential treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000)·2010
Same journal

Pitrakinra, a dual IL-4/IL-13 antagonist for the potential treatment of asthma and eczema.

Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000)·2010
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
10:39

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding

Published on: August 30, 2024

PPAR receptor activation: Experimental studies on cardiac structure and function.

David Bishop-Bailey1

  • 1Queen Mary University of London, Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M6BQ, UK. d.bishop-bailey@qmul.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs (London, England : 2000)
|February 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are crucial for regulating metabolism and immune function. This review explores their established and emerging roles in heart structure and function.

More Related Videos

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats
07:31

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Published on: December 2, 2016

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
10:05

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine

Published on: July 7, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
10:39

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding

Published on: August 30, 2024

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats
07:31

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Published on: December 2, 2016

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
10:05

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine

Published on: July 7, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors involved in regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism, cell differentiation, and immune responses.
  • All three PPAR subtypes (PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma) are expressed in the heart, indicating significant cardiac roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established functions of PPARs in cardiac metabolism and physiology.
  • To explore emerging roles of PPAR pathways in cardiac structure, function, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on PPARs and cardiac function.
  • Analysis of data from selective ligand studies.
  • Examination of findings from conditional knockout and transgenic mouse models.

Main Results:

  • PPARs play key roles in regulating fatty acid and glucose metabolism within the heart.
  • PPARs influence cardiac hypertrophy, lipotoxicity, and inflammatory processes.
  • Evidence suggests PPARs are involved in the circadian control of blood pressure and heart rate.

Conclusions:

  • PPARs are critical regulators of cardiac metabolism and function.
  • Emerging evidence highlights novel roles for PPAR pathways in maintaining cardiac structure and preventing disease.
  • Further research into PPARs offers potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular conditions.