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Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Blind Procedures

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...

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Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

Blind choice.

Sergey S Tarasenko¹, Toshio Inui

¹Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. sergey@cog.ist.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Perceptual and Motor Skills

|February 25, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Qualitative bias in choices from identical options is linked to the Golden Ratio. This study introduces a unified model to explain these choices, extending previous two-option models.

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Published on: November 15, 2014

Area of Science:

Psychology
Decision Science
Behavioral Economics

Background:

Qualitative bias significantly influences choice frequencies when options are identical.
Previous research numerically estimated this bias, revealing a strong connection to the Golden Ratio, a concept with historical significance in psychology.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a unified theoretical approach for modeling choices among identical options.
To extend existing models of choice from two options to scenarios with multiple options.

Main Methods:

Identification of common similarities across multiple identical options.
Testing and extension of Lefebvre's bipolar model for choices involving more than two options.

Main Results:

A unified approach for modeling choices from identical options was successfully developed.
The study demonstrated a method to extend a two-option choice model to accommodate multiple options.

Conclusions:

The developed unified model provides a framework for understanding qualitative bias in choices from identical options.
Extending existing models is a viable strategy for analyzing complex choice scenarios.