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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

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Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
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Everolimus.

Peter J Houghton1

  • 1Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA. Peter.Houghton@nationwidechildrens.org

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|February 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Everolimus, a rapamycin analog, is approved for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It improves progression-free survival (PFS) by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, though its precise antitumor mechanisms require further study.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a complex malignancy.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor signaling inhibitors are a standard treatment for advanced RCC.
  • Everolimus, an orally administered rapamycin analog, targets the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of action of everolimus in renal cell carcinoma.
  • To summarize preclinical and clinical antitumor activity of everolimus against RCC.
  • To discuss the role of everolimus in patients with RCC refractory to VEGF receptor signaling inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical studies and clinical trials involving everolimus for RCC.
  • Analysis of data on progression-free survival (PFS) and tumor response.

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  • Discussion of the established target (mTOR) and proposed mechanisms of action.
  • Main Results:

    • Everolimus significantly increased progression-free survival (PFS) in RCC patients compared to placebo (4.0 vs 1.9 months).
    • Tumor regressions were infrequently observed with everolimus treatment.
    • The precise mechanisms by which everolimus retards tumor growth are not fully elucidated.

    Conclusions:

    • Everolimus demonstrates clinical activity in advanced RCC, particularly in patients refractory to VEGF inhibitors.
    • Further research is needed to fully define the antitumor mechanisms of everolimus.
    • Identification of biomarkers to predict everolimus sensitivity in RCC remains an important goal.