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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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IVF and stillbirth: a prospective follow-up study.

K Wisborg1, H J Ingerslev, T B Henriksen

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrugaardsvej 100, Skejby, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)
|February 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) have a significantly higher risk of stillbirth compared to fertile women. This increased risk associated with IVF/ICSI persists even after accounting for various maternal factors, suggesting a link to the treatment itself.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Previous studies suggest an elevated stillbirth risk in pregnancies conceived via assisted reproduction technology (ART).
  • The specific contribution of fertility treatments versus underlying subfertility to this risk remains unclear.
  • This study investigates stillbirth risk across different conception methods, including IVF/ICSI, non-IVF ART, subfertility, and fertile conception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the risk of stillbirth in singleton pregnancies conceived through IVF/ICSI, non-IVF ART, and spontaneously in subfertile women versus fertile women.
  • To determine if confounding factors explain the association between fertility treatment and stillbirth.
  • To elucidate the role of fertility treatment versus subfertility in stillbirth risk.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection from the Aarhus Birth Cohort (1989-2006).
  • Inclusion of 20,166 singleton pregnancies.
  • Stillbirth as the primary outcome measure.

Main Results:

  • The stillbirth rate was 16.2 per thousand for IVF/ICSI, 2.3 per thousand for non-IVF ART, 3.7 per thousand for fertile women, and 5.4 per thousand for subfertile women.
  • Women conceiving via IVF/ICSI had over four times the risk of stillbirth compared to fertile women (OR: 4.44, 95% CI: 2.38-8.28).
  • Adjustments for maternal age, BMI, education, and lifestyle factors minimally impacted the observed increased risk (OR: 4.08; 95% CI: 2.11-7.93).
  • No significant difference in stillbirth risk was found for non-IVF ART or spontaneous conception after a year of trying compared to shorter conception times.

Conclusions:

  • Women conceiving via IVF/ICSI face a significantly increased stillbirth risk compared to fertile women.
  • This elevated risk is not attributable to known confounding factors, suggesting a direct link to the IVF/ICSI procedure or associated unknown factors.
  • The findings highlight the need for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying the increased stillbirth risk following IVF/ICSI.