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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For instance, consider...
Carbocations02:10

Carbocations

Carbocations are one of the reaction intermediates formed during several nucleophilic substitutions or elimination reactions. A carbocation is an electron-deficient species with the central carbon atom having six electrons and three bonded atoms. The central carbon in a carbocation is sp2 hybridized with trigonal planar geometry. It has an empty p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the structure that can accept electrons. Thus, carbocations act as strong electrophiles and may react with any...
Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds01:09

Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are molecules bearing a carbonyl and alkene functionality in conjugation with each other. The conjugation in the molecule leads to three resonance structures. The hybrid form exhibits two probable electrophilic sites: the carbonyl carbon and the β carbon.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group: General Mechanism01:18

Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group: General Mechanism

The carbonyl carbon in an aldehyde or ketone is the site of a nucleophilic attack due to its electron-deficient nature. Depending on the strength of the incoming nucleophile, the reaction occurs via different mechanistic pathways.
A stronger nucleophile can directly attack the electrophilic center, the carbonyl carbon. The HOMO orbital of the nucleophile interacts with the LUMO (π* antibonding) orbital present on the carbonyl carbon. This interaction breaks the π bond and shifts the π bonding...
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Easy access to uranium nucleophilic carbene complexes.

Jean-Christophe Tourneux1, Jean-Claude Berthet, Pierre Thuéry

  • 1CEA, IRAMIS, SIS2M, CNRS UMR 3299, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|February 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Uranium tetrachloride (UCl(4)) reacts with lithium bis(diphenylphosphino)methanide to form novel uranium carbene complexes. These complexes serve as versatile precursors for synthesizing new organometallic uranium compounds.

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Uranium Chemistry
  • Carbene Complexes

Background:

  • Uranium tetrachloride (UCl(4)) is a key precursor in organometallic chemistry.
  • Carbene complexes are important intermediates in various chemical transformations.
  • The synthesis and reactivity of uranium carbene complexes are not extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel uranium carbene complexes using UCl(4) and Li(2)C(Ph(2)PS)(2).
  • To investigate the reactivity of these complexes as precursors for further organometallic synthesis.
  • To characterize the synthesized complexes through structural analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Metathesis reactions between UCl(4) and Li(2)C(Ph(2)PS)(2) in different ethereal solvents (Et(2)O, THF).
  • Comproportionation and protonolysis reactions to access specific carbene complexes.
  • Synthesis of a biscyclopentadienyl uranium carbene derivative using a TlCp reagent.
  • X-ray crystallography for structural elucidation of key compounds.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized tris-, bis-, and mono-carbene uranium complexes.
  • Demonstrated the interconversion between different carbene complex stoichiometries.
  • Synthesized a biscyclopentadienyl uranium carbene complex [Cp(2)U{=C(Ph(2)PS)(2)}] (5).
  • Reported crystal structures for two uranium carbene complexes.

Conclusions:

  • The reaction of UCl(4) with Li(2)C(Ph(2)PS)(2) provides access to a range of uranium carbene complexes.
  • These complexes exhibit diverse reactivity, enabling the synthesis of more complex organometallic structures.
  • The study expands the known chemistry of uranium carbene complexes and their synthetic utility.