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Use of the case-control method in outbreak investigations
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.
American Journal of Epidemiology
|April 1, 1991
Summary
The case-control method is increasingly used in outbreak investigations. Analysis methods have also become more sophisticated over time, improving the study of disease outbreaks.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- The case-control method is a fundamental epidemiological tool.
- Its application in outbreak investigations is crucial for identifying disease sources and risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically assess the utilization of the case-control method in outbreak investigations.
- To identify challenges and advancements in applying this method.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted.
- Included sources were MEDLINE, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, and six leading epidemiologic and medical journals.
- Outbreak investigation reports from 1960 to 1985 were analyzed.
Main Results:
- The use of case-control studies in outbreak investigations significantly increased from 1960-1965 to 1980-1985.
- Analysis techniques in case-control studies of outbreaks showed marked sophistication between 1970-1975 and 1980-1985.
Conclusions:
- The case-control method has become a more prevalent and refined tool in epidemiological outbreak investigations.
- Continued methodological development enhances the effectiveness of outbreak analysis.