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Field studies on Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) activity and response to deltamethrin applications to sheep in

Bradley A Mullens1, Alec C Gerry, Victor Sarto I Monteys

  • 1Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. mullens@mail.ucr.edu

Journal of Medical Entomology
|February 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Deltamethrin treatment on sheep effectively prevented biting midges (Culicoides spp.) from engorging. This insecticide application is crucial for controlling these disease-carrying insects in livestock environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Entomology
  • Medical Entomology
  • Insecticide Efficacy

Background:

  • Culicoides spp. are significant vectors of animal diseases.
  • Understanding their feeding behavior and response to insecticides is vital for disease control.
  • Previous control methods for Culicoides biting midges have varying efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of 7.5% deltamethrin treatment on sheep against Culicoides spp. engorgement.
  • To compare Culicoides spp. populations and engorgement rates on treated versus untreated sheep.
  • To identify dominant Culicoides species in a livestock barn environment.

Main Methods:

  • Enclosure trapping experiment comparing treated and untreated sheep.
  • UV light and nonattractive fan traps used for Culicoides spp. collection in a livestock barn.
  • Precipitin tests conducted on engorged Culicoides to determine host blood meal.

Main Results:

  • No Culicoides engorgement occurred on sheep treated with deltamethrin at 0 and 4 days post-treatment.
  • UV light trap collected eight Culicoides species, dominated by C. obsoletus (68%) and C. imicola (19%).
  • Engorged Culicoides collected in the barn had fed on sheep or goats.

Conclusions:

  • Deltamethrin (7.5%) provides effective, short-term protection against Culicoides engorgement on sheep.
  • C. obsoletus and C. imicola are significant Culicoides species in the studied livestock environment.
  • Insecticide application on hosts can reduce vector engorgement and potentially disease transmission.