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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

Corticosteroids: way upstream.

Therese Riedemann1, Alexandre V Patchev, Kwangwook Cho

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelin Str, 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.

Molecular Brain
|February 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This review critiques key concepts in corticosteroid action research, particularly in the brain. It aims to clarify rapid neural signaling mechanisms by examining existing research gaps and comparing corticosteroid and estrogen actions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Corticosteroid action research is extensive but often contentious, especially concerning brain mechanisms.
  • Existing studies suffer from undefined models and terminology, hindering clear understanding.
  • Comparative analysis with other steroid hormones, like estrogens, can illuminate differences and similarities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critique key concepts in corticosteroid action research.
  • To identify shortcomings in the current understanding of corticosteroid mechanisms.
  • To explore how corticosteroids rapidly alter neural signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature critique focusing on key concepts and definitions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

  • Comparative analysis of corticosteroid and estrogen neural actions.
  • Identification of apparent shortcomings in existing research models.

    • Main Results:

    • Existing research on corticosteroid brain actions presents significant challenges due to definitional and methodological issues.
    • A comparative approach, learning from differences with estrogenic mechanisms, offers new insights.
    • The review highlights the need for clearer models to study rapid corticosteroid-induced neural signaling.

    Conclusions:

    • Critically evaluating existing concepts is essential for advancing corticosteroid research.
    • Understanding the rapid neural signaling mechanisms of corticosteroids requires addressing current research limitations.
    • Further research should focus on refined models and clear definitions to resolve contentious aspects of corticosteroid action.