Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resequencing of 284 genomes reveals evolutionary history and hotspot of genetic diversity of the giant bamboos.

Plant diversity·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle cells induced by snoring vibrations.

Mitochondrion·2026
Same author

Copper and cuproptosis: mechanisms, biology, and roles in disease.

Science bulletin·2026
Same author

Essential oils promote antibacterial and antiviral defense across species.

Fish & shellfish immunology·2026
Same author

ADAR1 Controls Macrophage Scavenging and Lipid-Buffering Programs in Metabolic Tissues.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same author

Phylogeny of <i>Vietnamosasa</i> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) based on syntenic nuclear genes with description of a new species.

PhytoKeys·2026
Same journal

Impact of Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits on Ellipsoid Zone-Related Thickness Metrics.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

Proteomic Profiling of Optic Nerves From SMOX-Deficient Mice Identifies Regulators of Neuroinflammation and Axonal Damage in Optic Neuritis.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

Aflibercept and Faricimab Equipotently Restore Endothelial Barrier Function.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

Spatial Decomposition of Longitudinal RNFL Maps Reveals Distinct Modes of Glaucomatous Progression With Structure-Function and Genetic Signatures.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

The CXXC1-IGFBP6 Axis Maintains Corneal Epithelial Differentiation via H3K4me3-Dependent Transcriptional Activation.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

Archetypal Visual Field Analysis of Patients With Chronic Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in Relation to Visual Recovery.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
07:00

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: October 13, 2016

Human extraocular muscles in ALS.

Mahboobah Ahmadi1, Jing-Xia Liu, Thomas Brännström

  • 1Departments of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Neurology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|February 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extraocular muscles (EOMs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) show some changes but are remarkably preserved compared to limb muscles, offering a valuable model for ALS research.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Culture of Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Spinal Motor Neurons from Prenatal Islmn:GFP Transgenic Mice
10:04

Isolation and Culture of Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Spinal Motor Neurons from Prenatal Islmn:GFP Transgenic Mice

Published on: November 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
07:00

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: October 13, 2016

Isolation and Culture of Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Spinal Motor Neurons from Prenatal Islmn:GFP Transgenic Mice
10:04

Isolation and Culture of Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Spinal Motor Neurons from Prenatal Islmn:GFP Transgenic Mice

Published on: November 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons.
  • Extraocular muscles (EOMs) are often considered spared in ALS, but their precise involvement is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the morphology, fiber type, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition of EOMs in postmortem ALS donors.
  • To determine if EOMs are affected or truly spared in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against MyHC isoforms.
  • SDS-PAGE analysis of muscle samples.
  • Histological examination (hematoxylin and eosin, NADH-TR activity).

Main Results:

  • ALS EOMs exhibited heterogeneous morphology with atrophic/hypertrophic fibers, increased connective tissue, and fatty replacement.
  • Alterations in MyHC composition were observed, including reduced MyHCslow tonic and absent MyHCembryonic fibers in ALS EOMs.
  • Despite changes, EOMs showed less pathology compared to limb muscles in ALS patients.

Conclusions:

  • EOMs demonstrate involvement in ALS, with altered fiber composition and cellular architecture.
  • EOMs are significantly preserved relative to limb muscles in ALS.
  • EOMs serve as a valuable model for investigating ALS pathophysiology.