Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Local production of inflammatory mediators during childhood parainfluenza virus infection

Rana E El Feghaly1, Lindsay McGann, Cynthia A Bonville

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|February 26, 2010
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Parainfluenza virus (PIV) infection presents a range of illnesses. Elevated levels of chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) in nasal washes indicate more severe PIV disease, particularly with respirovirus infections.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in children.
  • Understanding the clinical spectrum and biochemical markers of PIV disease severity is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the clinical manifestations of PIV infections.
  • To identify biochemical markers associated with PIV disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for 165 children with PIV-positive nasal wash cultures (1998-2008).
  • Analysis of 26 inflammatory mediators in nasal wash samples using Luminex bead proteomics.

Main Results:

  • Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) occurred in 44% of patients, with higher incidence in PIV3 and PIV4 infections.
  • PIV-infected patients exhibited elevated nasal concentrations of several inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 and CXCL8.
  • Higher CXCL8 levels were associated with LRTI, severe illness, and respirovirus (PIV1/3) infections compared to rubulavirus (PIV2/4) infections.

Conclusions:

  • PIV infection leads to a spectrum of respiratory illnesses.
  • Elevated CXCL8 in nasal washes is a marker for more severe PIV disease, especially with respirovirus types.

More Related Videos

Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation09:56

Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation

Published on: March 2, 2016

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...