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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice
06:57

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

Published on: February 20, 2020

Combination therapy for visceral leishmaniasis.

Johan van Griensven1, Manica Balasegaram, Filip Meheus

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. jvangriensven@itg.be

The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
|February 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combination therapy shows promise for treating visceral leishmaniasis, offering shorter, more effective, and cost-efficient treatment options. Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits and resistance prevention strategies.

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A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line
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A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line

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Development of Leishmania Species Strains with Constitutive Expression of eGFP
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Development of Leishmania Species Strains with Constitutive Expression of eGFP

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

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In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

Published on: February 20, 2020

A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line
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A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Visceral leishmaniasis treatment traditionally relies on monotherapy, facing challenges with efficacy, duration, cost, and emerging drug resistance.
  • Combination therapy is increasingly recognized as a strategy to overcome these limitations in visceral leishmaniasis management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence and potential of combination therapy for visceral leishmaniasis.
  • To identify criteria for selecting drugs in combination regimens.
  • To assess the feasibility and impact of combination therapy on treatment outcomes and drug resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing evidence on combination therapy for visceral leishmaniasis.
  • Analysis of phase 2 and planned phase 3 trial data.
  • Evaluation of cost-effectiveness and patient compliance factors.

Main Results:

  • Early phase 2 results indicate promising, safe, and effective combination regimens as short as 8 days.
  • Combination therapy appears more cost-effective, reducing indirect patient costs and health system burden.
  • Reduced treatment durations (8-17 days) may improve patient compliance.

Conclusions:

  • Short-duration, well-tolerated combination regimens for visceral leishmaniasis have significant public health implications.
  • Special precautions are needed for HIV-coinfected patients who may harbor drug-resistant strains.
  • Long-term data are required to ascertain the role of combination therapy in delaying drug resistance.