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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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Neoplastic stem cells: current concepts and clinical perspectives.

Axel Schulenburg1, Kira Brämswig, Harald Herrmann

  • 1Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. axel.schulenburg@meduniwien.ac.at

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neoplastic stem cells, crucial for leukemia and solid tumor growth, are key therapeutic targets. Further research is needed to fully understand their properties and limitations for effective cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neoplastic stem cells drive leukemia and solid tumor growth.
  • These cells are characterized by specific surface markers like CD34, CD133, and CD44.
  • Understanding these cells is critical for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on neoplastic (cancer) stem cells.
  • To discuss clinical implications and therapeutic strategies.
  • To address limitations in the cancer stem cell concept.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer stem cells.
  • Analysis of cell surface markers (CD34, CD133, CD44) in neoplastic cells.
  • Discussion of in vivo mouse models (NOD/SCID) for studying stem cell properties.

Main Results:

  • Neoplastic stem cells identified in myeloid and lymphoid leukemias.
  • Cancer stem cell concept extended to solid tumors using markers like CD133 and CD44.
  • Ongoing questions regarding phenotype, self-renewal, and stroma-dependence persist.

Conclusions:

  • Neoplastic stem cells are viable therapeutic targets in various cancers.
  • Further research is essential to resolve conceptual and technical limitations.
  • Targeting cancer stem cells holds promise for improved clinical outcomes.