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Related Experiment Videos

Nails in light and electron microscopy.

G Achten1, J André, M Laporte

  • 1Department of Clinics of Dermatology, University of Brussels, Belgium.

Seminars in Dermatology
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
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Microscopic examination of nail and subungual keratin aids in diagnosing nail disorders by revealing cellular and architectural changes. This method is particularly useful for identifying fungal infections (mycoses) and differentiating pigments.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Nail disorders diagnosis often relies on microscopic examination.
  • Similarities exist between nail and skin alterations under microscopy.
  • Microscopic analysis of nail keratin provides diagnostic insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of light and electron microscopy for nail disorders.
  • To detail the architectural and cellular alterations observable in nail structures.
  • To emphasize the role of microscopy in diagnosing onychomycosis and pigmentary abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of nail matrix, bed, and hyponychium using light microscopy.
  • Analysis of nail plate and subungual keratin for architectural and cellular changes.

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  • Utilizing electron microscopy for pigment differentiation.

    • Main Results:

    • Microscopic examination of keratin reveals characteristic alterations like loss of cellular alignment, altered stain affinity, parakeratosis, and changes in intercellular spaces.
    • These microscopic findings are often sufficient for diagnosis.
    • Microscopy aids in specifying keratin invasion by fungi, improving diagnostic accuracy over culturing.
    • Electron microscopy effectively distinguishes melanin from ferric pigments.

    Conclusions:

    • Microscopic examination of nail keratin is a valuable diagnostic tool for various nail disorders.
    • This technique offers specific advantages in diagnosing mycoses and differentiating pigments.
    • Microscopy enhances diagnostic precision, potentially reducing reliance on or improving interpretation of other diagnostic methods.