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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
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Maternal obesity and associated reproductive consequences.

Kelecia Brown1, Joseph Apuzzio, Gerson Weiss

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, University of Medicine & Dentistry New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA. brownk4@umdnj.edu

Women'S Health (London, England)
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is rising in reproductive-age women, increasing health risks and impacting fertility. This review covers maternal obesity, genetics, and outcomes after weight reduction surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology and women's health.
  • Public health and epidemiology of obesity.
  • Genetics and bariatric surgery outcomes.

Background:

  • Rising obesity rates in women, particularly those of reproductive age, pose significant public health challenges.
  • Established links between obesity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, and malignancies.
  • Reproductive-age women are disproportionately affected, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current prevalence and status of obesity in reproductive-age women in the USA.
  • To examine the multifaceted impact of maternal obesity on reproductive health and outcomes.
  • To discuss the genetic underpinnings of obesity and the reproductive implications of weight reduction surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current epidemiological data on obesity in reproductive-age women.
  • Synthesis of research on the effects of maternal obesity on fertility, pregnancy, and postpartum health.
  • Review of studies on the genetic factors contributing to obesity.
  • Analysis of literature concerning reproductive outcomes after bariatric surgery.

Main Results:

  • Obesity prevalence is increasing among women, with a notable impact on the reproductive age group.
  • Maternal obesity is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including infertility and pregnancy complications.
  • Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of obesity.
  • Weight reduction surgery can improve reproductive health and outcomes in obese women.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the rising obesity epidemic in reproductive-age women is crucial for improving maternal and reproductive health.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of obesity can inform prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Weight reduction surgery offers a viable option for improving fertility and pregnancy outcomes in severely obese women.