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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
06:59

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter

Published on: March 31, 2022

[Mapping DNA damage to understand somatic mutagenesis].

Sandrine Lacoste1, Patrick J Rochette, Régen Drouin

  • 1Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4 Canada.

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Somatic mutation theory links DNA damage to cancer. Ligation-mediated PCR (LMPCR) maps DNA damage, identifying genotoxic agent signatures in cancer mutations, aiding research into cancer origins.

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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
06:59

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter

Published on: March 31, 2022

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Toxicology

Context:

  • Somatic mutation theory posits that DNA damage accumulation drives cellular malignant transformation.
  • Understanding the link between genotoxic agents and cancer is crucial for prevention and treatment.
  • Mutational spectra, particularly in genes like p53, can serve as signatures of specific genotoxic exposures.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the utility of Ligation-mediated PCR (LMPCR) in mapping DNA damage at nucleotide resolution.
  • To correlate DNA damage patterns with known mutational spectra in cancer, specifically the p53 gene.
  • To identify potential genotoxic agents responsible for specific cancer types, such as skin and lung cancer.

Summary:

  • Ligation-mediated PCR (LMPCR) precisely maps DNA damage sites.
  • Correlations were found between UVB-induced DNA damage and p53 mutations in skin cancer.
  • Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) damage sites partially align with p53 mutations in lung cancer, suggesting additional agents like NNK may contribute.

Impact:

  • Provides a method to identify the etiological agents of cancer by analyzing mutational spectra.
  • Enhances understanding of how environmental genotoxins contribute to carcinogenesis.
  • LMPCR is a valuable tool for investigating DNA damage frequency and repair mechanisms in various research contexts.