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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Tissue Engineering: Construction of a Multicellular 3D Scaffold for the Delivery of Layered Cell Sheets
09:24

Tissue Engineering: Construction of a Multicellular 3D Scaffold for the Delivery of Layered Cell Sheets

Published on: October 3, 2014

Bilayered scaffold for engineering cellularized blood vessels.

Young Min Ju1, Jin San Choi, Anthony Atala

  • 1Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

Biomaterials
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study developed bilayered vascular scaffolds using electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and collagen. The novel design enhances endothelial cell adhesion and smooth muscle cell infiltration for improved blood vessel tissue engineering.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

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09:24

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Published on: October 3, 2014

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08:22

Microfluidic Bioprinting for Engineering Vascularized Tissues and Organoids

Published on: August 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and collagen scaffolds support vascular cells but have limited smooth muscle cell (SMC) infiltration due to small pores.
  • Optimizing scaffold pore size is crucial for effective cellular interaction and tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a bilayered vascular scaffold with varying pore sizes to enhance both endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and SMC infiltration.
  • To investigate the impact of fiber diameter on cellular interactions and mechanical properties for vascular tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of electrospun PCL-collagen scaffolds with controlled fiber diameters (0.27-4.45 µm) to create different pore sizes.
  • Development of a bilayered scaffold with a nano-scaled inner layer for ECs and a micro-scaled outer layer for SMCs.
  • Evaluation of cellular interactions (adhesion, infiltration, orientation) and mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Nanoscaled fibers promoted enhanced EC orientation and focal adhesion on the scaffold surface.
  • Larger fiber diameters significantly improved SMC infiltration into the scaffold structure.
  • The bilayered scaffold successfully facilitated EC adhesion on the lumen-facing side and SMC infiltration into the outer layer.

Conclusions:

  • Bilayered electrospun scaffolds offer a promising strategy to overcome pore size limitations in vascular tissue engineering.
  • This approach allows for differential cell seeding and infiltration, promoting improved vascular construct formation.
  • The developed scaffold design holds potential for enhanced blood vessel regeneration and repair applications.